Nationalism escalates: Thailand and Cambodia on the brink of war!

Nationalism escalates: Thailand and Cambodia on the brink of war!

The relationship between Thailand and Cambodia is complicated and steeped in history that runs deeper than many realize. Early tensions and territorial disputes over the border remain a hot topic today, as nationalist currents gain momentum in both countries. A recent report from the BBC points out that the rise of nationalism can be seen not only in politics, but also on social media. It seems as if the national cohesion that once existed between Thais and Cambodians has evaporated in an internal conflict that is now dividing Thailand itself.

The conflict has its origins in territorial disputes dating back to the Khmer dynasty in the 7th to 14th centuries. This historical legacy is not insignificantly used by political actors to promote national identity and distract from domestic political problems. Thai Senator Angkhana Neelapaijit expressed concern on a talk show about the role of political influencers in border politics, highlighting how deep tensions run. In Cambodia, the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) under Prime Minister Hun Sen is using nationalism as a strategic tool to consolidate popular support.

Nationalism as a child of the crisis

A central aspect of the current conflict is the explosive situation at the Preah Vihear Temple, a site that has both historical and cultural significance for both nations. In 1962, the International Court of Justice ruled that the temple area belonged to Cambodia, but Thailand never recognized this decision. Tensions flare up again and again. A recent shootout near the Ta Moan Thom Temple shows that the rivalry is far from over. Currently, 33 people have already died and tens of thousands have been displaced. This runs through history - several wars between countries have been fueled by internal problems and nationalistic nonsense.

Harris Mylonas, co-author of the book “Varieties of Nationalism,” describes nationalism as a double-edged ideology. While it can build communities, it also leads to the exclusion of others. The current tensions between Thailand and Cambodia make this clear. Thailand presents itself as a victim in order to consolidate its own national identity, while at the same time nationalist discourse in Cambodia serves as an instrument of power. A 2003 incident in which a Thai actress declared that Cambodia had “stolen” Angkor Wat even led to anti-Thai protests in Cambodia.

A look at the future

Given the current unrest, the question arises: what happens next? Experts like Marco Bünte see the attacks as potentially symbolic, but the instability in Thailand, coupled with the role of the military, could lead to far more serious conflicts. While both states are members of ASEAN, their influence on developments remains limited. The geopolitical tensions between China, which supports Cambodia, and the USA, which supports Thailand, make mediation by major powers seem unlikely.

This is followed by a critical examination of nationalism in both countries. Mylonas suggests that Thailand and Cambodia should review their representation of history in school textbooks to create opportunities for comparison in education. Finally, the past has shown how important a clear and fair view of history can be for peace in the region. It remains to be hoped that both nations can find a dialogue that can defuse these rotating conflicts.